Sunscreens: Best Sunscreens in India for All Skin Types
- Kavya Goswami
- Jun 9
- 9 min read
Updated: Sep 7
Sunscreen: once an afterthought, now a daily ritual. But are we simply going through the motions, or do we grasp the science behind this essential product?
We know it blocks harmful UVB and UVA rays, but what are these rays, and what havoc do they wreak on our skin's cellular level? Let's move beyond the surface and explore the intricate mechanisms of sunscreen. By understanding the science, we can make informed choices and truly appreciate the power of this everyday protector.
It's time to transform our routine into a conscious act of skin care.
Let's Get Real: Sunscreens
What are Sunscreens?
Sunscreens are topical products designed to protect your skin from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
Here's a breakdown of what they are and how they work:
Purpose:
To prevent sunburn.
To reduce the risk of skin cancer.
To slow down premature skin aging (wrinkles, age spots, etc.).
How does Sunscreen works?
Sunscreen works like a protective shield for your skin against the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Here’s a quick breakdown of how it does the magic:
UV Filters: Sunscreens contain active ingredients called UV filters. These can be physical (like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) or chemical (like avobenzone and oxybenzone). Physical filters sit on top of the skin and reflect UV rays, while chemical filters absorb UV rays and release them as heat.
Broad-Spectrum Protection: A good sunscreen offers broad-spectrum protection, which means it guards against both UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays can cause premature aging and skin cancer, while UVB rays are mainly responsible for sunburns.
SPF (Sun Protection Factor): This number indicates how well the sunscreen can protect your skin from UVB rays. For example, SPF 30 means it would take 30 times longer for your skin to burn compared to no sunscreen.
Application: For sunscreen to be effective, it needs to be applied generously and evenly on all exposed skin at least 15 minutes before going outside. Reapplication is crucial, especially after swimming, sweating, or every two hours of sun exposure.
Sunscreens contain ingredients that either:
Absorb UV radiation: Chemical sunscreens contain compounds that absorb UV rays, converting them into heat that is released from the skin.
Reflect and scatter UV radiation: Mineral sunscreens (also called physical sunscreens) contain minerals like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide that create a barrier on the skin, deflecting UV rays.
What are UV Radiations?
Ultraviolet (UV) rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun. But how do they affect your skin that varies in different ways starting from nature of UV rays to the type of UV rays acting on your skin. To simplify:
Nature of UV Rays:
They are invisible to the human eye.
They have shorter wavelengths than visible light.
The sun is the primary natural source of UV radiation.
Artificial sources like tanning beds also produce UV rays.
Types of UV Rays:
UVA: (Take it as "A" in UVA for "Aging")
Penetrates deep into the skin.
Contributes to skin aging and wrinkling.
Can cause skin cell damage leading to cancer.
UVB: (Take it as "B" in UVB for "Burning")
Affects the outer layers of the skin.
The primary cause of sunburn.
Linked to most skin cancers.
UVC:
The most dangerous type.
Almost entirely absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere, so it doesn't typically reach the ground.
Effects on Health:
Benefits:
Essential for vitamin D production.
Risks:
Sunburn.
Premature skin aging.
Skin cancer.
Eye damage, such as cataracts.
Types of Sunscreen
Mineral Sunscreens:
Use mineral ingredients like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide.
Often referred to as physical sunscreens.
Generally considered gentler on sensitive skin.
Chemical Sunscreens:
Use chemical compounds that absorb UV rays.
Tend to be thinner and easier to apply.
Broad-spectrum sunscreens:
Protect against both UVA and UVB rays.
This is important, as both types of UV radiation can damage the skin.
Key things to look for:
SPF (Sun Protection Factor):
Indicates how well the sunscreen protects against UVB rays.
Dermatologists generally recommend SPF 30 or higher.
Broad-spectrum protection:
Ensures protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
Water resistance:
Important for swimming or sweating.
What is SPF?
SPF stands for Sun Protection Factor. It's a measure of how well a sunscreen can protect your skin from UVB rays, which are the rays that cause sunburn. Here's a quick rundown:
SPF Number: This number indicates how much longer you can stay in the sun without getting burned compared to not using any sunscreen. For example, if you normally start to burn after 10 minutes in the sun, an SPF 50 sunscreen would theoretically allow you to stay in the sun for 30 times longer (300 minutes) without burning.
Percentage of UVB Rays Blocked:
SPF 15 blocks about 93% of UVB rays.
SPF 30 blocks about 97% of UVB rays.
SPF 50 blocks about 98% of UVB rays.
No sunscreen can block 100% of UVB rays, so it's important to combine sunscreen use with other sun safety measures like wearing protective clothing and seeking shade.
Proper Use: To achieve the SPF protection indicated on the label, you need to apply the sunscreen generously and evenly, and reapply it every two hours, or more often if you're swimming or sweating.
What is broad spectrum?
When you see "broad spectrum" on a sunscreen label, it means that the sunscreen offers protection against both UVA and UVB rays. Here's why that's important:
UVB Rays: These rays are mainly responsible for causing sunburn and can lead to skin cancers.
UVA Rays: These rays penetrate deeper into the skin, causing premature aging (like wrinkles and age spots), and can also contribute to the development of skin cancer.
Broad-spectrum sunscreens provide more comprehensive protection for your skin by shielding you from the harmful effects of both types of ultraviolet rays. It's a good idea to choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher to ensure you're well protected when you head outside.
Best way to sunscreen
Using sunscreen effectively is key to getting the best protection from the sun's harmful rays. Here are some tips to ensure you're using it correctly:
Choose the Right Sunscreen:
Pick a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher.
Make sure it's water-resistant if you'll be swimming or sweating.
Apply Generously:
Use about a shot glass worth (1 ounce) of sunscreen to cover your entire body.
Don't forget often-missed spots like the ears, back of the neck, tops of feet, and the back of your hands.
Apply Early:
Apply sunscreen at least 15 minutes before going outside to allow it to fully absorb into your skin.
Reapply Often:
Reapply every two hours, or more frequently if you're swimming, sweating, or towel drying.
Cover All Exposed Skin:
Make sure to cover all exposed skin areas, including your face. Consider using a lip balm with SPF as well.
Use Daily:
Sunscreen isn't just for the beach. Use it every day, even on cloudy days or when you're indoors near windows, as UV rays can penetrate glass.
Check Expiration Dates:
Sunscreens do expire, and using an old product might not give you the protection you need. Check the expiration date on the bottle and replace it if it's past its prime.
By following these steps, you'll maximize your sunscreen's effectiveness and keep your skin safe from UV damage.
Let's Get Real: Sunscreen Ingredients
Mineral sunscreen
Mineral sunscreens, also known as physical sunscreens, use natural minerals to protect your skin from the sun's harmful UV rays. Here are the primary ingredients you'll commonly find in mineral sunscreens:
Zinc Oxide: This is a natural mineral that sits on top of the skin and reflects both UVA and UVB rays. It provides broad-spectrum protection and is known for being gentle on the skin, making it a good option for sensitive skin types.
Titanium Dioxide: Another natural mineral that works similarly to zinc oxide by reflecting UV rays off the skin. It's effective at protecting against UVB rays and some UVA rays, and is often used in combination with zinc oxide to offer comprehensive sun protection.
Additional Ingredients: While zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are the active ingredients, mineral sunscreens also contain other inactive ingredients to help with application and skin feel. These can include:
Moisturizers (like glycerin, aloe vera, or shea butter) to keep the skin hydrated.
Antioxidants (like vitamin E or green tea extract) to help protect the skin from free radical damage.
Emollients (like squalane or jojoba oil) to provide a smooth, non-greasy finish.
Binders and stabilizers to ensure the formula stays effective and easy to apply.
Mineral sunscreens are a great choice if you're looking for a natural, broad-spectrum sun protection option, especially if you have sensitive skin or prefer products with fewer chemical ingredients.
Chemical Sunscreen
Chemical sunscreens use active ingredients that absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, which is then released from the skin. Here are some common ingredients you'll find in chemical sunscreens:
Avobenzone: Provides broad-spectrum protection, particularly effective against UVA rays.
Oxybenzone: Absorbs UVB and short UVA rays.
Octocrylene: Absorbs UVB and short UVA rays, and also stabilizes other sunscreen ingredients like avobenzone.
Homosalate: Absorbs UVB rays.
Octinoxate (Octyl Methoxycinnamate): Absorbs UVB rays.
Octisalate: Absorbs UVB rays and helps stabilize other ingredients.
Ensulizole: Primarily absorbs UVB rays.
Tinosorb S and Tinosorb M: Newer ingredients that offer broad-spectrum protection and are not yet available in all countries.
Chemical sunscreens are often preferred for their lightweight, non-greasy feel and because they can be easier to rub into the skin without leaving a white residue. However, some people may experience skin irritation from certain chemical ingredients, so it's important to choose a sunscreen that works well for your skin type.
Sunscreen in Morning Skincare:
Cleanse -> Tone -> Moisturize -> Sunscreen (Protect)
Let’s get real with products: Best Sunscreens to Buy
Mineral Sunscreens
Do you know what the best part of using a mineral sunscreen is? It doesn't enter the bloodstream and is completely safe for use, which is why pregnant women are often recommended to use mineral sunscreens instead of chemical ones.
Mineral sunscreens typically contain a concentration of 10% to 25% zinc oxide, which is a white powder similar to chalk. This can make it challenging to formulate a mineral sunscreen that doesn't leave a white cast on the skin. However, many companies have worked to improve formulations and reduce the white cast effect.
Sheer Zinc Tinted Sunscreen by Re'equil, is mineral sunscreen is a great option to start with, especially since there are very few mineral sunscreens available in the Indian market. It blends easily and provides a seamless finish when applied to your skin. Additionally, it is tinted, making it a good choice to use alongside your makeup.
Mineral Sunscreen by Deconstruct is another good option to use as it also contains skincare actives like glycerin and niacinamide to moisturize your skin and improve its texture and it does not leave any white cast.
Ultra Light Zinc Mineral Sunscreen by The Derma Co, is another physical sunscreen to add to your beauty list.
Matte Mineral Sunscreen by Earth Rhythm, is another mineral sunscreen to consider, but it’s not suitable for oily or acne-prone skin; however, it works well for dry skin. There is a chance it may leave a slight white cast and can be a bit harder to apply compared to other mineral sunscreens.
Mineral Sunscreen by Dr Sheth's, contains 25% Zinc Oxide and a nourishing skincare ingredient like glycerin, which helps it glide smoothly on the skin. However, due to the high concentration of Zinc Oxide, those with oily or combination skin should use it with caution or consider alternative sunscreens.
Chemical / Hybrid Sunscreen
This is a hybrid sunscreen by Dot & Key that contains Titanium Dioxide along with other chemical UV filters. It has a very lightweight formula and includes skincare ingredients such as Ceramides and rice water extract, which help repair the skin barrier and soothe the skin. This sunscreen provides broad-spectrum UV protection suitable for all skin types, and it works beautifully on oily skin as it does not feel sticky.
Cica & Hyaluronic Acid Aqua-light Sunscreen by Plum is a Hybrid Sunscreen made with new UV filters. It is a lightweight sunscreen formula suitable for all skin type.
Another hybrid sunscreen by Dot & Key includes Titanium Dioxide along with various chemical UV filters. This lightweight formula features additional skincare actives like Vitamin C and Vitamin E, which are known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their brightening effects on the skin. This sunscreen also offers broad-spectrum UV protection suitable for all skin types, performing well on oily skin without leaving a sticky residue.
Beauty of Joseon offers a chemical sunscreen enriched with skin-soothing and anti-inflammatory actives like rice water extract (Oryza Sativa) and Niacinamide, which help protect and repair the skin. This broad-spectrum, lightweight sunscreen is suitable for all skin types.
Minimalist’s chemical sunscreen is a good choice for individuals with normal or dry skin. However, it may feel too sticky for those with oily or combination skin. This sunscreen also provides broad-spectrum UV protection.
Sun's out? Skin's on defense!
What's the must when you go out in the sun? It's to protect your skin from the harmful UVA and UVB rays. How are you going to do that? By applying a SPF 50+ broad-spectrum sunscreen to shirl your skin and protect from free radical damage, sun burn, premature aging and hyperpigmentation.
Don't just exist in the sun, thrive! Slather on that protection and own your day. Repair, protect, conquer!
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